Sayed Ahmad efforts have shown promise of success when, nearly six months after its dismantling, Lord Lytton, Viceroy of India, held the opening ceremony of the Muslim College Anglo-Oriental, Aligarh, 8 January 1877. MAO College, which later became the famous Aligarh Muslim University, taught through English as the language of instruction, knowledge of the arts and Western science, as well as instructions on thought and Islamic philosophy .
Sayed Ahmad fills the large void in the life of the Muslim community in the disappearance of the Muslim domination. But he did more. His long life, covering nearly a century, has bridged the gap between the Middle Ages and modern Islam in India. Himself a relic of the glory days of the great Mughals, who inaugurated a new era. He gave the Muslims of India a new prose, a new approach of the person and national problems, and built an organization that could carry out their work. Before it was not all rot and decay. He met with Muslims in India, and became the first prophet of his new nationality.
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Born in Sialkot, Dr. Mohammad Iqbal Sir (1873 - 1938) received his early education in Shams-ul-Ulema Mir Hasan, whose memory was dedicated by the poet in beautiful verse. For higher education, Iqbal moved to Lahore in 1895, and after taking the measure of his master, he joined the University of local government, as a speaker. In Lahore, was under the influence of Sir Thomas Arnold, who left Aligarh and joined Government College Lahore, professor of philosophy. On the advice of Sir Thomas, Iqbal proceeded to Europe to pursue higher education in 1905.
For the next three years, the thought of Iqbal developed in the libraries of Cambridge, London and Munich. He studied philosophy at Cambridge, obtained his PhD on the development of metaphysics Persian Munich, and was admitted to the Bar in London. He studied the great masters of the East and West, discussed philosophy and metaphysics with the famous Dr. McTaggart, and talked about literature and Islamic Browne Nicholson and teachers.
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It was Iqbal who was destined to play a historic role in the reconstruction of Islamic thought; he served on Islamic institutions, respecting every Muslim at least this time, an analysis in search of its foundations; reinterpreted Islam as a religion dynamic rather than static, and liberal rather than a reactionary force. In fact, Iqbal Islam Islam would be if its foundations were not living long enough to allow a continuous process of new experiences and new adjustments to changes in society. It was the dynamic vision of Islam that is better Iqbal for a happy synthesis between East and West in it.
The vision of a "new world" for Muslims of Indo-Pakistan subcontinent was designed by Iqbal hailed as the future of Muslims, with their distinct cultural and spiritual impulses, was an independent territory. To chair the session of 1930 the Muslim League in Allahabad, he said that "as to see the Punjab Province of North-West Frontier, Sindh and Baluchistan amalgamated into a single state ...".
Iqbal was the first to see the vision of Pakistan. Its role in promoting intellectual revolution among the Muslims of Indo-Pakistan subcontinent, which announced the emergence of Muslims as an independent political force, conscious of its national destiny, finally made his most valuable contribution of the Muslim cause .
Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah said of him: "For me Iqbal was a friend, guide and philosopher, and during the darkest moments along which the Muslim League had to go, stood like a rock and do He shivered ever a moment .... Iqbal was the clarion thought and Muslim culture. He was the singer of the best poetry represents the true aspirations of Muslims. It will remain a source of inspiration for us and for the generations after us. "
Mohammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) embodies the liberal spirit of Islam launched by Sayed Ahmad Khan and Amir Ali and dynamic philosophy of Iqbal emphasizing the relentless action. Leadership ability of their struggle for freedom, which resulted in the creation of Pakistan as an independent state, has brought unprecedented hope and vitality for Muslims of the subcontinent, the production in its wake, a set of cultural renaissance and youthful idealism.
Pre-occupied with political issues Jinnah left him little time to devote to writing; but his speeches and sayings were collected by fans of a series of volumes, which are imbued with a liberal perspective.
As Iqbal, Jinnah believed in Islam as a dynamic religion. "The discipline of prayers Ramzan fast and culminating today in an immortal gentle heart before God," he said in a broadcast on the day of Eid speech, "but not the sweetness of a week of heart, you would think yes, they hurt both God and the prophet, because the remarkable paradox of all religions that the humble be strong, and it is particularly important in the case of Islam, Islam, as you all know, actually means action. This discipline of Ramzan was designed by our Prophet give us strength to action .... "
Religion Jinnah did not involve duty to God, but to humanity. "Man has been called the Caliph of Allah in the Qur'an, and if this man's description is to be of any importance, which imposes a duty to follow the Qur'an, behave with others as God acts with humanity, the widest word sense, his duty is to love and ancestor. and this, believe me, is not a negative but a positive obligation. If we have faith and love for tolerance towards children of God, to which community they belong to, many act upon in the daily routine of our discrete debentures and devotions. this is a great ideal and will require effort and sacrifice. not infrequently their minds will be assailed by doubts. There will be conflicts not only the hardware, perhaps will be able to resolve with courage, but also spiritual We will deal with it;. and so today, when our hearts are humble not soak the increased value to do, ever. "
Whenever Jinnah had the opportunity to talk about religion, he called for a rational approach. "In the search for truth and culture of belief," he said, "we must be guided by our rational interpretation of the Koran, and if our devotion to truth is simple-minded, which, in our own measure, achieve our goal. translating this truth in practice, however, we are happy at once, as alone as we can get without infringing on the rights of others, while at the same time or cease our efforts to always reach . more "in another context, he noted:" The test of greatness is not the culture of stone and pillar and pomp, but the culture of humanity, culture of equality .. . and one man died for all the finest of humility and civilization instincts can be called a religion based on the identification and exploitation of the estate. "
Jinnah was outspoken in his condemnation of the reactionary elements that generated retrograde tendencies of religion. Business with the movement's contribution to Pakistan for our national life, said: "We have many free our people from the most reactionary undesirable elements we largely eliminated the unhealthy influence and fear of a certain part for. Maulana happening and Maulvis. we have made efforts to make our women with us in our fight ....
He defended the cause of the condition of women, promoting women equal basis with men in social and national life. "The great building of the nation and solidarity keeping task, women play a more important role to play. They are the main architects of the young character that are the backbone of the state. I know that in the long struggle for the realization of the Pakistan Muslim women remained solidly behind his men. in the great struggle for the construction of Pakistan, which is now ahead even it is said that women in Pakistan were behind or failed in its duty . "
Jinnah liberalism freed the minds of Indo-Pakistani Muslims, turning his intellectual activities in the fight against the ideas and traditional Islamic ideals in terms of standards and modern requirements. Thus, the final phase of the intellectual movement among Muslims of Indo-Pakistan subcontinent was announced by Iqbal began to return to compliance by Muslim thinkers under the inspired leadership of Mohammad Ali Jinnah. With the rise of Pakistan stage is growing and expanding concentric circles spreads each imbued with the spirit both visionary and leader.
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