Quaid E Azam

Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the voice of a hundred million Muslims fought for religious freedom, social and economic. Throughout history no man has just as much power as the Quaid-e-Azam, yet remained uncorrupted by that power. Not many men in history can boast of creating a single nation without help and changing the world map, but makes Jinnah and became a legend.

"Few individuals significantly alter the course of history. Fewer still modify the map. Hardly anyone can be credited with creating a nation-state. Mohammad Ali Jinnah did all three." Stanley Wolpert

In the words of John Biggs-Davison, "even if no Ghandi, Hindustan would have still won independence without Lenin and Mao, Russia and China have yet supported communist revolution without Jinnah was not Pakistan in 1947."

Lord Mountbatten had great confidence in his powers of persuasion. But regarding Jinnah, said that tried every trick I could not shake the determination of Jinnah participate. Mountbatten said that Jinnah was a "consumer realize the dream of the determination of Pakistan." And he continued to focus on those who until his death.

Lord Lothian said that despite Jinnah partitioning scheme was good, it would take at least 25 years to take shape. But the great wars and great men shorten the story, and Jinnah was a man who could change the history of a nation.

The lessons taught his countrymen were worth remembering for the time of life, especially the equality lesson. Whenever a worker for Hindu Muslim unity was a political apprenticeship in Congress. He said: "What you can, and anything, you're a Muslim who has carved a territory, a vast territory is yours does not belong to a Punjabi or Sindhi, or Pathan No. .. is white in the beautiful flag of Pakistan. white means non-Muslim minorities. "

A good man who always kept his word, he thought carefully before speaking. If he makes a promise he made that he has delivered. In his last days, when he was hit by extreme illness, went to meetings and dinners was invited and came to the inauguration of the State Bank of Pakistan, because he had promised that he would be there. He advised, "if you ever make a promise, think hundred times, but once you make a promise, fulfill your promise."

Quttabuddin Aziz said that Muslim India was beset by socio-economic frustration. At that time Jinnah Muslim League led a quasi drift. Aziz refers to Jinnah as the greatest 20th century Muslim leader who has managed to transform a state of Pakistan dream into reality.

Saleem Qureshi speaks of him as a messiah in the narrow sense, which revived the spirit of citizenship among the Muslims of India and a homeland for them is assured. I wanted to be a peaceful partition because he believed in nonviolence and practiced and preached.

Director of the Centre for Studies on South Asia, said Gordon Johnson because Jinnah: "He has a good example to other statesmen to follow your trading ability, integrity and honesty."

In March 1940, after several laborious attempts to unity between Hindus and Muslims have failed, Jinnah proposed the idea of a separate nation for the Muslims of India in areas where Muslims were a numerical majority. They gave him the title of Quaid-e-Azam (supreme leader) of Muslims in India. However, Jinnah was people Quaid-e-Azam that he and the architect of the Islamic nation that called for the continued existence. He ordered his imagination and confidence. It was not bogged down by the difficult task of creating a home for Muslims where they would be able to live in the glory of Islam. Few state have shaped events to their more surely than Jinnah policy. He was a legend even in his life.

"We want peace. But if war is imposed on us, we accept it." With this narrative verse was immoral Firdausi closehis Quaid memorable speech at the meeting of the Council of the Muslim League in Mumbai in July 29.1946. And certainly, this couplet represented the bitter Muslim environment in British acquiescence to the distortion of Plan Cabinet Mission Congress (1946).

Bitterness Muslim in Congress "duplicity" and British "perfidy" leads to reverse its earlier decision to accept the plan, return to their initial request and to reaffirm their faith in a sovereign, independent Pakistan. Earlier tonight, the Council of the League had taken a bold decision: he took leave of constitutionalism and direct action sanctioned for the first time in its history, and to wrest Pakistan. "... Has now time" to solve ran League "for the Muslim nation to resort to direct action to reach Pakistan, to claim their just rights, assert their honor and get rid of British slavery and planned future Hindu caste domination ".

The resolution also calls on its members to regain the British title, which he described as "traps of slavery" The response was immediate. Member after member went to the podium to give up his title and affirm their preference for a gentleman plain site. And from now, more than most was "Pakistan or perish".

Except for the monumental decision to adopt Pakistan as the supreme goal of the league 23 to March 24, 1940, nothing was memorable League began its long and eventful history. Or something so revolutionary was launched. Not surprisingly, the Muslim call to India restless direct action in its depths: started Prairie Fire-like. Even so inveterate critic of Jinnah and the League as the Blitz (Bombay) was forced to admit :. "The worst enemies of the Muslim League can not help but envy the direction of Mr. Jinnah catastrophic transformation in the last week of the League of reactionary Muslim Nawabs racket, afternoon and knights in a mass revolutionary organization dedicated word if no title an anti-imperialist struggle, which obliges us to express the national will take a diplomat and strategist proven caliber Jinnah was the celebration of the Indian national Congress. We can not deny that his last master of diplomacy Jinnah upmanship, frustrated and attempted coup Congress and British alike and confused the act of national common accusation that the Muslim League is a parasite of British imperialism ".

Not surprisingly, the decision to direct action sent a wave of fear and outrage in Congress circles. Speaking in very strong terms, Sardar Patel, "Iron Man" Congress lashed out at his Hindu audience into a frenzy and violence, saying that direct action scheduled League was actually to Congress and Hindus, as would the head of interim government in a short time. Nehru, meanwhile, said more sophisticated "if the government is strong direct action will go under, and if the government is weak go under." In his inimitable way, Gandhi predicted. "We're still not in the middle of a civil war. But we're close to it, at this time we play."

These statements explain why and how the Direct Action Day in Calcutta on August 16 became a day orgy of violence and bloodshed. Fixing August 16, 1946 as the Day of Direct Action, the object of the League did not launch a direct action movement to date, but to explain to people the consequences of the Bombay Council resolution League. This has been repeatedly stressed in the Day of Direct Action League leaders, including Jinnah pre- states. Nonviolent nature and fairly quiet direct action was also highlighted. It was also clarified that when finally released, direct action is not directed against a particular person, and certainly not against Hindus, but is designed specifically to create among Muslims confidence so they can pull Pakistan, given the enormous odds against them and their creation.

Since then, over Bengal had a constant ministry League, the other in Sindh is fragile and victim of intrigue, both inside and out. This ministry of Bengal was, of course, an eyesore in Congress, which was naturally inclined to discredit, leading to its licensee, if possible. And Calutta where Muslims constitute only 23 percent of the population, was chosen as a place to teach the Muslim League and an injury to the bitter and bury proposed Action League live in a wave of violence and bloodshed. Therefore: as the day passed peacefully in the rest of the subcontinent, even in other Muslim-majority provinces on most, which marked the beginning of a civil war between Hindus and Muslims - the Civil War as expected, by so trust Sardar Patel predicted that Muslims had baffled the Congress tries to drown the League at the polls of Central Assembly in January 1946 in Calcutta butcher about five thousand people were killed and more wounded, lost the property was huge and terrifying. Never before has a communal riot caused a high price. Seen after Congress itself launched, blamed the ministry League until the end, and filed a motion of censure, to be discredited. League, moreover, characterized the Holocaust as a Hindu organized, premeditated attempt to get the Ministry discredited League and make a ruin of direct action program.

Summarizing the Muslim world in his message of Eid in August 28.1946, Jinnah said: "Today, the horizon is dark for us ... curse us, and a false image and threatened everywhere Muslim League is ignored and overlook false propaganda was exerted tremendous guilt Muslim League for which no shred of justification;. the Viceroy and the British government were to Congress and now only remains for them to make a statement that they have given up and are about to deliver the fascist Hindu caste Congress, the Government of the Sub-continent. "

"... This has created a vast and dangerous situation for us and we have to face as a united nation also pass through the test and the fire is exceeded, oppressed and persecuted. However, I am convinced that if Hundred Million Muslims a united front all maneuvers and machinations and designs of our adversaries will fail miserably and leave this triumphant struggle ... "

"We discussed, reasoned, begged;. And we have made great concessions, but there is nothing in front of us and we have to struggle to cope with boldness and courage in a disciplined and organized manner ..."

And in that dark moment, Muslims desperately needed the value of words. The Holocaust Calcutta was followed by riots in Bombay and Ahmedabad, which now extend to several cities and towns as UP, PC, Bihar and Madras. Of primary importance is the fact that the first outbreaks were all in the predominantly Hindu areas.

In mid-October, however, when news of the death of a large number of Muslims in Calcutta Noakhali carnage boatmen met their people at home. There was an increase in Noakhali in which, according to the governor of Bengal, the Government of Canada and the magistrate of Noakhali district, less than 200 people died and "cases of rape, abduction and forced marriage are rare". But these incidents is very useful to blame for the civil war now extends to the door of the League and demand, on this basis, leaving the interim government, the League has joined October 25th Viceroy persuasion, to to control the deteriorating situation. Hindu leaders, including Gandhi and Kripalani, statement issued after the declaration of loss greatly exaggerated; Press frantically Congress is committed to the dissemination of cases and misleading witnesses, neutral sources, even after staring at the counter.

As a result of this campaign of hatred and incitement "to know congressional leaders and members of the Legislature" in Bihar, Indian neighbor of the five districts of Saran, Patna, Gaya, Bhagalpur and Monghyr up en masse against the Muslims, the slaughter of 30,000 Muslims (including women and children), and compensation of approximately 300 square kilometers of territory of all Muslims. More shocking, while all this was happening, the Ministry Congress in Bihar n 'has not even called in the army for a full week. Alibis were presented to cover the heinous crimes against Muslims, and the connivance of the Congress government.

And in a subtle attempt to divert attention, Gandhi had gone to Noakhali, stayed put there and tried to draw attention to the "type" of the Hindu minority in East Bengal. Neither he nor any other Congress leader had a tear shed on the fate of Bihar Muslims. Does the Ministry Congress agree to hold an impartial investigation, while the government of the League in Bengal had readily accepted to appoint a judge under Sir Patrick Pass the Federal Court.

A week later, the Holocaust took place three days Garhmukhteswar in Meerut district, about 55 kilometers from Delhi. About 2,000 Muslims were killed and property worth Rs lakes were destroyed or looted. Not a shot by police; the army was called, but after three days.

Of utmost importance in cases of paternity and the extension of the civil war that broke was a revealing statement by Sardar Patel "iron man" of Congress. In his speech at the meeting of Meerut Congress in late November, made an indirect reference to the amount of dead Hindus and Muslims in Bengal, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, and called on Muslims to "look at the record" and reflect. He capped his call with an ultimatum: "The sword will be achieved with the sword." Meanwhile, initial cracks in the building of improvised interim government developed visible cracks, portends a virtual ventilation. Congress forced the viceroy to convene the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly on December 9, 1946. The League, however, refused to withdraw its resolution Bombay, arguing that stocks of Congress about some of the vital causes the Cabinet Mission plan had no sense of plan. A hastily improvised between Congress conference, the League and Sikhs under the auspices of His Majesty's Government in December 1946 is not wild situation, even if the statement of HMG December 6 confirmed League position vis-à-vis combining principles. The declaration also states that "if a constitution became framed by the Constituent Assembly in which much of the Indian population were not represented, the Government of His Majesty could not, of course, to contemplate forcing such a constitution all reluctant part of the country. "One of the consequences of action subsequent direct Muslim revival was when and where their rights have been violated, the Muslim refused to let them. This was demonstrated again in the Punjab border in Assam.

In January, Muslim Punjab, now resurgent and outraged be denied the right to administer the province, came into conflict with the reactionary government Tiwana. The Tiwana-axis Glancy Sachar had denied the same people of civil liberties. In January 1947, he went further and prohibits Muslims from Punjab National Guard and ordered a search of his seat. This caused a movement at the provincial level for the restoration of civil liberties. Although often brought, Muslims have refused to make it a communal or violent movement.

The Mamdot Khan, Mian Iftikharuddin, Malik Feroz Khan Noon, Sardar Shaukat Hayat Khan, Mian Muhammad Mumtaz Daulatna and other courted arrest.

Thousands and thousands of Muslim men and women defied the order of government in processions and meetings. For the first time in the annals of Muslim movements, women came to public light and branched unexpectedly; I was a teenager growing up and raised the flag on top of the building of the Secretariat of the League. A rebel document was printed and distributed.

The prisons were filled to capacity on time, and the government was forced to release detainees by homelessness. After a measure of popular outrage and resistance such, the ministry could not survive long discredited as possible: finally collapsed in early March when Khizar Hayat Khan Tiwana was to pay the waiver.

Dr. Khan Sahib, the Congress chief minister in NWFP, adopted similar tactics to eliminate Muslims and the Muslim League to the border and stay in power. For all they could see, it was obvious even as early as October 1946, when he toured the border Nehru's popularity Khan brother had flown a lot. Maulana Azad reports that when Nehru arrived in Peshawar, the airport was filled with a large number of police, who had been placed there to protect unpopular Chief Minster and he and his guests to defend against hostile Patahans.

In February 1947, a milestone was reached when the bitterness of Pashtuns against Dr. Khan Sahib overflowed into a movement of civil liberties. All leagues prominent players, including Qaiyyum Khan Abdul Khan, Pir Sahib of Manki Sharif and Pir Sahib Zakori were transported in God. In late March, more than six thousand people were arrested; in the first week of April, the number rose to twenty thousand. A clandestine radio station in the tribal belt was in the air. Early in his fury and indignation reached new heights. Despite enormous difficulties, the movement continued for four long months and was canceled after the announcement of June 3 Plan.

Following Punjab and Frontier came the civil disobedience movement in Assam. The Bardoloi Ministry imposed a kind of law against Ghetto Bengali Muslim immigrants who had settled there for about three decades. Muslims in the neighboring districts of Bengal had been encouraged in the 1920s to migrate to Assam, and farmers cultivate the land, transforming the jungles of smiling fear in the cornfields. In mid-1940, however, the sense of community Bardoloi and his henchmen work up. He lives in the settlement of these Bengali immigrants establish Pakistan in his father's house. His "cure" was the line system of law of non-law, who had never been passed by a legislature, and resorting to deportation, put elephants to pull down and shave down shacks.

This law has aroused inhuman Assam Muslims to launch a civil disobedience movement under the strong leadership of Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani. He courted arrest, followed by others. This movement also continued fortunes until the announcement of the plan of June 3 sharing.

Therefore, the resolution of direct action sparked revolutionary activity among Muslims. He paved the way for disobedience movements in three provinces, and partly convinced the British that Muslims will not negotiate anything unless Pakistan. In perspective, then, the decision to direct action influenced more than any other, the course of Indian politics during the final phase of British rule, and led directly to the emergence of Pakistan within a year.

Quaid E Azam

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Sayings Of Big Personalities About Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Jinnah - The Legend

Direct Action Plan - The most critical phase